Disproportionate Mindset Of The American Culture Essay

Disproportionate Mindset of the American Culture Social inequality stems from many facets of life and mindsets reproduced continuously in America. The main backbone of systematic inequality is formed off of race, gender and class, which all contain crucial aspects that further oppress those subjected to inequality in various aspects of life. The resources-schools, occupations, invested parents- around one fuels the opportunity in their lives, a concept highlighted by Malcom Gladwell, in his book, Outliers. Situations one are brought up in or uncontrollable genetic aspects can very easily restrain their opportunities. Racial discrimination, gender roles and inferiority and the lack of fluidity in the low and working class push inequality, which simultaneously influencing the rich and privileged. The social class one is born into, more often than not dictates the social class they will belong to as an adult. 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Innovation and Creativity in Organizational Improvement †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Innovation and Creativity in Organizational Improvement. Answer: Introduction Creativity and innovation are significant parts of organizational development. It is considered as important pillar of innovation. Though creativity and innovation are often misinterpreted as the same aspect of organizational culture but the difference is indispensable. An effective organization is run by materializing certain ideas and creativity acts as the key driver for innovative ideas. Through creativity effective ideas are generated and the application of such ideas is referred as the innovation. In the global competitive market, for any organization, the innovation and creativity become key factors for achieving the desired successful performance. For any organization to be successful in the competitive market the innovation and creativity should be embedded in the performance strategies. Netflix is a successful global company that has been adapting the creativity and innovation as their organizational policies. This resulted in great organizational success for the company. T herefore the research on Netflix will explore the contribution of innovation and creativity in organizational success. In recent years the organizations have been treating innovation and creativity as effective skills for their business. The problems and organizational strategies require more creative inputs from the management in order to achieve the performance goals. Creativity is the key force behind the innovation that leads the management to look at the operations from different perspectives (Goodman and Dingli 2017). It is undeniable that for any organizational success the implementation of creativity and innovation is an effective path. The creativity leads the organization to delve into new business and market territories. If it is managed well, it results in increased organizational productivity. The management leadership plays significant role in the process as he invests money to provide the company with resources so that it can explore new areas or incorporate innovative ideas (?erne, Jakli? and kerlavaj 2013). The problem solving is largely improved by creativity. The company develops i nnovative ideas that place the company ahead of the competition. Netflix, Inc. is an organization that has implemented various changes and strategies that have helped the company to achieve great success. Without innovation and creativity it would not have been possible for the company to survive in the digital era of rapid changes. In 1999 Reed Hastings, the founder-CEO of Netflix started this film rental services (Media.netflix.com 2017). Though it has gone through multiple modifications but the basic subscription based business model is still continuing. The company originally provided DVD by mail service but in 2007 the company developed streaming services (Ani et al. 2016). Initial Innovative Business Strategies of Netflix that established the ground are: From the very first step Netflix has been applying certain business strategies that are creative and supported by innovation. Reed Hastings aimed to provide the consumers with the best movie rental services and for that he came up with the following business strategies. The company provided wide number of DVD titles to the viewers. The company always maintains great relationship with the entertainment providers and industry experts that helped them to acquire new contents continually. The customers are given the most priority as they could avail whatever services they require (Chopra and Veeraiyan 2017). The designer team of the company used technologies that were easy and user friendly. It provided the customers with both the options of mailing and streaming. Invested a lot of money in the marketing in order to maintain the brand awareness of Netflix. The company expanded rapidly in the international market. The leadership successfully communicated with the employees regarding how the money is being made by the company and how they could contribute to continue the success. The management and employees at Netflix were spending huge amount of money to buy DVDs, developing distributing centers even before getting any money back from the new subscribers. The leadership made the employees realizes that though revenue was growing but it was really important to manage the expenses. The leader at Netflix not only developed an effective culture but also valued the subculture. The finance team of Netflix also planned to change the payment system to direct deposit paychecks (McCord 2014). However there were hourly workers who did not have bank accounts so the management decided not to go with it. The leadership identified the problems, the changes, and the need of time and planned to incorporate new technologies and change in order to create a sustainable business for the future. The progress is me asured easily for Netflix, the subscription rates, progress compare data among its competitors and recognitions are getting increased every year. Identification of the requirement of deficit by the leadership The CEO and cofounder of Netflix, Reed Hastings was driven by the desire to develop new products and fresh initiatives. The strategic leader identified the upcoming trend and utilized the full potential of digital revolution. He understood the movie watching experiencing of American consumers was changing and the traditional business structure of cable television was demanding a transformation (Snyder 2014). In order to watch a movie of their choice, the American consumers had to visit a movie renting store, rent it and come back. Blockbuster was ruling the movie rental market with 6000 stores. However Hastings identified the extra effort the consumers had to put in order to collect a DVD or VHS. He realized that the disc could carry a lot of data and the weight is very less. Therefore he implemented the idea of renting films through mail which gained success fast. With the internet boom he saw another opportunity to take the business to the next level. The biggest asset of Netflix is its adaptation power. In various stages the company has proved that it can adapt necessary changes in order to enhance its business performance. They experienced the technological innovations and applied the necessary technologies in the business services (Jackson et al. 2015). Reed Hastings invested a lot in the research and development sector and a large segment of the annual profit was invested in the research for future plans. However the biggest challenge was to dump all the DVDs that they had bought and collected for so many years. Outcompeting Rivals through innovative strategies Netflix engaged in an organizational culture that is value added services, production selection and innovative styling. The company utilized all suitable technological advancement that took place in the contemporary time. Only in 2012 there were more than 120000 video titles available that were more than any other existing company at that time (Arthur and Thompson 2017). The management under the guidance of Hastings always focused on developing new content to provide the subscribers. Netflix made contracts with many studios through profit sharing to stream their content through Netflix. Before the dominance of the Netflix on the video rental business Blockbuster was the biggest name in the market. Netflix was running the DVD rental business through mail which was an expensive service. Reed Hastings approached Blockbuster to become partners and they could by Netflix and they would be able to expand the business greatly as he believed that the stores would be relevant in near future, as it actually happened in the reality. Blockbuster refused to invest Netflix in the plan. Blockbuster was an old technology based services where basically the customers had to go to the stores and rent the films or shows. The customers had to experience that most of the top films are out of stock and they had to leave the stores unsatisfied. On the other side Netflix was developing a business culture where the customers can get whatever they want and whenever they want. Blockbuster did not extend their business online and did not utilize their resources for the online business (Voigt, Bu liga and Michl 2017). The leadership failed to analyze the future market and did not spend any money in the expansion. Blockbuster suffered from the classic innovators dilemma which the dilemma most established organization suffer from at certain point of time. Blockbuster felt that they had successful business with country wide video stores therefore they did not need to take the risk of entering in the online business world. Creative Business Model Netflix started as a video rental service via mail where the customers could keep the video as long s they wanted and then returned it before eth next purchase. But during 2005 the competition from Walmart made them redesign their services. Netflix immediately engaged with Walmart in a partnership arrangement where all the customers of DVD rental in Walmart were referred back to Netflix (Wells and Ellsworth 2016). The Streaming video system was first creative business idea that paved its way of success. The company started delivering movies directly to the customers private computers as streaming videos but the users were not able to save them in the computers memory (Voigt, Buliga and Michl 2017). This helped the company to enter into the big competitive market where giant corporations like Apple ad Amazon were already ruling. There were already on demand service companies like CinemaNow and MovieLink that were the competitors as well (Brodersen et al. 2016). However Netflix managed to get great support from the local cable companies that made their competitive position string. Watch Now Service: In 2007 Netflix transformed its user streaming services with the Watch Now services that eventually proved to be revolutionary for the company. The next years the users significantly reduced renting DVDs and the Video on demand started to become more popular. As the company brought fresh TV programs and films from TV and film studios so the users did not mind pay for the on demand services. Innovative Distribution Strategy: The management of the company became partners with many influential electronics retailer so that they could offer free video on demand coupons. The regular subscribers were given free video on demand film passes. In every month the viewers are offered free passes if they engage in bundle sign up. One VOD film was offered free if the users were borrowing 5 of them. Netflix organized video on demand session with its customers twice a month. The regular customers were offered incentive programs and for students and young professionals a price break was offered. ICE Model of business strategy The analysis of the business practice of Netflix highlights that the organization followed the Innovation Creativity Execution model of business strategy. Business strategy of Reed Hastings has always given high preference to innovation (Hisrich and Ramadani 2017). Whenever a problem arose within the organization he created solutions and executed them. It is evident that he was creative while developing the business model of Netflix Netflix has developed a business strategy that could be called Bingening. This can be defined as the process of replicating a book. Netflix offers a service where the spectator does not have to wait for Stranger Things or House of Cards but they can watch it whenever they want. The viewers do not have to watch any commercials and not one episode a day but as many episodes as they want. The company offered the viewers as much as they wanted. Ken Auletta compared this with the book as the reader can read as much chapter as he desires (YouTube 2014). The original contents have become the companys most powerful asset in the sustainable business. Netflix has implemented various innovative strategies in recent years User Interface Upgrading is one of them. The user innovation interface team has developed a design that would give the viewer almost television like feeling. The Vice President explained that once a television is turned on, programs automatically starts happening and they wanted to present similar feeling to the customers of Netflix. In 2016 December Netflix developed the User Interface upgrading that replaced the poster images that are static with custom created preview videos (Fastcompany.com 2017). So when a viewer opens a page and scrolls the videos start playing automatically. This proved to be highly effective as the millions of Netflix customers to discover what to watch rather than browsing the catalog to decide what is worth watching. The upgrading process took three years to complete. The commitment of Netflix to provide its customers with best opportunities not only helped then to earn the consumer effic iency but also it stood out from its competitors. Experience Based APIs The team of software developers in Netflix develops software that enables the users to play Netflix on diverse range of devices from iPad to smart TV. The chief developers develop the APIs that help the organization to get all resources and data. The software helps the developers to get user data, data related to the programs, their choice and recommendations. Netflix has started Download and Go option that helps the customers to watch Netflix programs offline (Media.netflix.com 2016). The existing users worldwide are now able to download the shows of their choice without paying any extra fee. The management comes up with this idea considering the customers cannot always the shows at home. In places like airplanes and other places where internet is expensive or difficult to obtain, the viewers can now click on the download button and watch it whenever the viewers without any internet connection. Along with the online streaming the company is developing the download and go option for most of the programs. More number of programs will help the customers to watch them offline more. Shows like Narcos, Orange is the New Black or The Crown s available under the download and go option. All customer-plan supports this option and viewers can watch it on tablets, phones on IOS and android. However to avail this download option, the consumers have to update Netflix in the latest version. One of the most effective business strategies that Netflix adapted was the proprietary software technology that helped the users to preview the programs based on various filters (Walker et al. 2017). The viewers also rated the programs they watched through this technology and they also receive recommendations based on their previous ratings. The recommended programs got huge success among the viewers. Time scale and resources in the execution Netflix changed its approach in human resource management and organizational culture most significantly during 2013. The number of American subscribers grew to 29 million, it won several Emmys. The main motivation was to sustain and expand the business. The digital revolution and world trade centre attack changed the organizational culture it was in. Prior to those incidents the company with its 120 employees was planning to develop an IPO but those occurrences made the company to hold their plans and lay off many employees (McCord 2014). However the DVD sales grew by 2002 and the company focused more on that. In 2010 the company started giving subscription based online streaming service to other countries like Canada and by 2011, citizens from 43 countries could avail this service. By 2012 Netflix had 23 million subscribers and they can avail more than 120,000 titles through online streaming. Netflix has planned to produce 1000 hours of unique and original programs in 2017. The company is always coming up with strategies in order to surpass their competitors in the market. It is investing 6 billion to improve its library which is far ahead of their rivals like Amazon. Measuring the progress The company is leading the global market in online streaming services. Their main competitors are Hulu and Amazon (Reuters 2014). Now the company is operating in 190 countries and there are 93 million subscribers. The success rate is so significant that the company is determined to retain it and even expand the business more. The company creates and offers programs like drama series, films, documentaries that are licensed by distribution partners. However the business strategy of Netflix is different than traditional broadcasters who only try to expand the consumer numbers. Netflix rather aims to serve maximum number of audiences with the best quality film or show that they cannot ignore. Like most other companies, Netflix also analyzed their growth spurt. The company utilized the transition of digital market and growing popularity of on demand services. Reed Hastings invested a lot of money in researching online streaming business and in buying the film and TV show rights. The streaming services allowed the customers to watch films directly on the television. Hulu, one of its competitors was charging the customer for each film or shows but Netflix was offering the viewers unlimited films and shows with monthly subscription. This helped them to create another S-curve and soon its position was at the top. Netflix leadership was highly criticized because of their fast adaption of sudden market shifts but this proved to be extremely effective and they remain the market leader. The leadership took aggressive decision of cannibalizing the DVD rental business and promoting online streaming. In 2013 Netflix experienced valuation jump by 50%. In 2011-2012 the stock was nearly 60 dollars/share which increased to 150 dollars/share in 2013 (Hartung 2013). Netflix caught a very fast growing market of online streaming entertainment. This market of online streaming has grown at high speed and continues to grow that creates most favorable business condition for the company. Therefore for the stakeholders participating in the growth proves to be highly profitable. The decision was not only worth but also encouraged the management to get involved in newer business realms. Conclusion Reed Hastings has applied creativity and innovation that resulted in major success twice; once when they started the business and when they changed the entire business model. Netflix is expanding their business with a third innovative strategy for online streaming business. They are creating their own films and shows and charging money to other exhibitors for the rights. So this continuous expansion of business in diverse areas helps the company to stay at the top in the competitive market. With the combination of innovation, creativity and effective leadership guidance, the company will achieve more success. The creative innovation along with appropriate execution can lead to business wonder and Netflix is such an example. Reference Ani, F.G., Gnther, D., Wang, B. and Bondarenko, I., 2016. A Strategic Analysis of Netflix Inc. Arthur, A. and Thompson, J.R., 2017.CRAFTING EXECUTING STRATEGY: The Quest for Competitive Advantage. Mcgraw-Hill. Brodersen, R., Goldeen, R.C., Pacurariu, M.C. and Ma, J., Apple Inc., 2016.Techniques for displaying similar content items. U.S. Patent Application 15/064,569. Business Insider. 2016.Amazon plans to 'significantly' increase investment in video as it goes to war with Netflix. [online] Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/Amazon-plans-to-significantly-increase-investment-in-video-as-it-goes-to-war-with-Netflix/articleshow/52033977.cms [Accessed 28 Oct. 2017]. ?erne, M., Jakli?, M. and kerlavaj, M., 2013. Authentic leadership, creativity, and innovation: A multilevel perspective.Leadership,9(1), pp.63-85. Chopra, S. and Veeraiyan, M., 2017. Movie Rental Business: Blockbuster, Netflix, and Redbox.Kellogg School of Management Cases, pp.1-21. Editorial, R. 2014.${Instrument_CompanyName} ${Instrument_Ric} Quote| Reuters.com. [online] U.S. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/overview/NFLX.OQ [Accessed 28 Oct. 2017]. Fahey, M. 2016.Amazon or Netflix: Which is the better deal for subscribers?. [online] CNBC. Available at: https://www.cnbc.com/2016/04/22/netflix-vs-amazon-estimating-the-better-deal.html [Accessed 28 Oct. 2017]. Fast Company. 2017.Why Netflix Is One Of The Most Innovative Companies Of 2017 | Fast Company. [online] Available at: https://www.fastcompany.com/3067462/why-netflix-is-one-of-the-most-innovative-companies-of-2017 [Accessed 28 Oct. 2017]. Feldman, R. 2017.YouGov | Analysis: The BBC vs. Netflix and Amazon. [online] YouGov: What the world thinks. Available at: https://yougov.co.uk/news/2017/01/31/data-analysis-bbc-vs-netflix-and-amazon/ [Accessed 28 Oct. 2017]. Fritz, J. 2015.Netflix Viewership Finally Gets a Yardstick. [online] WSJ. Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/netflix-viewership-finally-gets-a-yardstick-1440630513 [Accessed 28 Oct. 2017]. Goodman, M. and Dingli, S.M., 2017.Creativity and Strategic Innovation Management: Directions for Future Value in Changing Times. Taylor Francis. Hartung, A. 2013.Forbes Welcome.Forbes.com. Retrieved 31 October 2017, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamhartung/2013/01/29/netflix-the-turnaround-story-of-2012/#1a94b6dc26ab Hisrich, R.D. and Ramadani, V., 2017. Creativity, Innovation and Entrepreneurial Manager. InEffective Entrepreneurial Management(pp. 33-53). Springer International Publishing. Jackson, F., Amin, R., Fu, Y., Gilbert, J.E. and Martin, J., 2015, August. A User Study of Netflix Streaming. InInternational Conference of Design, User Experience, and Usability(pp. 481-489). Springer International Publishing. McCord, P. 2014.How Netflix Reinvented HR.Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 31 October 2017, from https://hbr.org/2014/01/how-netflix-reinvented-hr Netflix Media Center. 2016.Downloads Make It Even Easier to Watch Netflix on the Go. [online] Available at: https://media.netflix.com/en/company-blog/downloads-make-it-even-easier-to-watch-netflix-on-the-go [Accessed 28 Oct. 2017]. Netflix Media Center. 2017.About Netflix. [online] Available at: https://media.netflix.com/en/about-netflix [Accessed 28 Oct. 2017]. Roy Morgan. 2015.Netflix finishes 2015 reaching 2,728,000 Australians. [online] Available at: https://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6633-netflix-growth-slows-by-end-of-year-december-2015-201601182300 [Accessed 28 Oct. 2017]. Snyder, B. (2014).Netflix Founder Reed Hastings: Make as Few Decisions as Possible. [online] Stanford Graduate School of Business. Available at: https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/netflix-founder-reed-hastings-make-few-decisions-possible [Accessed 1 Nov. 2017]. Voigt, K.I., Buliga, O. and Michl, K., 2017. Entertainment on Demand: The Case of Netflix. InBusiness Model Pioneers(pp. 127-141). Springer International Publishing. Voigt, K.I., Buliga, O. and Michl, K., 2017. Introduction. InBusiness Model Pioneers(pp. 3-6). Springer, Cham. Walker, R., Walker, R., Jeffery, M., Jeffery, M., So, L., So, L., Sriram, S., Sriram, S., Nathanson, J., Nathanson, J. and Ferreira, J., 2017. Netflix Leading with Data: The Emergence of Data-Driven Video.Kellogg School of Management Cases, pp.1-19. Wells, J.R. and Ellsworth, G., 2016. The Inexorable Rise of Walmart? 19882016. YouTube. 2014.Ken Auletta: How Netflix Killed Blockbuster. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QsSsMHV0Kt8 [Accessed 28 Oct. 2017].

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi Four Seasons free essay sample

He would help anyone he saw in need of aid. Vivaldi was known to have even starved himself at times in order to keep those around him healthy. The church, however, saw this as his flaw and, for this reason, dispatched him of his duty to the church. I listened to the winter concerto second movement of Vivaldi Four Seasons. From the very beginning I knew this was a largo, a very slow song. There were no signs of his flamboyant style, which Vivaldi often presents in his music and has accustomed to be known for.There were no dramatic or unexpected melodies. As a matter of fact, it is very soothing and calm. I believe this is a very unique piece of Vivaldi because of its distinction from his other works. Rather than being something very exciting, Incorporating many different sorts of difficult techniques and skills, he made this one far more pleasing to the ear because of Its simple and peaceful tones that seem, on the surface, not very complicated. We will write a custom essay sample on Antonio Lucio Vivaldi Four Seasons or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One might even be fooled to think hat this largo movement is one that can be simply done with out to many lessons or knowledge about the instruments that are needed. However, once you are able to focus your mind on the individual parts that he put together, on is able to fully appreciate Just how much time and effort that he put into his music. This song, which may sound so simple and pure, has a foundation and roots that are far greatly Intertwined and unbelievably hard to pull off. Unlike, his Spring, Summer, and Fall concertos, this one plays a very soothing and relaxing.He made this song in order to attempt to recreate and mirror the feelings, emotions, and times of the winter season. When I was listening to Vivaldi in this largo winter piece the first thing that comes to mind was snow. I could visualize through his music a typical winter day. Although his allegro movements of the winter concerto were very fast and brought about the Idea of the hectic and chaotic characteristics of the season, the third movement imposingly depicted the calm and warming aspects that the season is so greatly favored for.The song reminds me of those calm and warm winter days in which one just wants to sleep in because of the weather and conditions outside. I can clearly see me sitting by the window with a big blanket around me watch the snow flakes fall one by one The snow flakes either stick to the window, blocking my view of outside, or the stick to the ground already about two to three feet long. Can Imagine I have some warm hot chocolate with big marshmallows floating on the top stained with the dark color of the chocolate.This movement brings emphasizes on the lazy says of winter in which all one wants to do is stay home in bed forever afraid to go outside of the extreme cold. The inside brings comfort and safety. It reminds me of the d ays after Christmas when I am sitting at home with nothing to do because there is no school. Overall, the third movement was my favorite out of Vivaldi four can see myself listening to it while I do my homework or study. After listening to it for about twenty times, I am able to fully appreciate Just how much time, effort, and creativeness it required.

Causes of Visual Impairment in Essays

Causes of Visual Impairment in Essays Causes of Visual Impairment in Essay Causes of Visual Impairment in Essay Increasingly, cataract has been identified as the leading cause of blindness globally. No data on the causes of visual impairment in Central Region is available. Objectives The objective of the study is to examine the causes of visual impairment in Central Region of Ghana and to provide baseline information for planning eye care services in the region. Methods A retrospective study using hospital records of patients visiting three eye clinics between June 2005 and June 2006 were reviewed for the study. Results The records of 1,016 patients were reviewed. The study shows that cataract was the leading cause of blindness in Central Region accounting for 42. 5%. This was followed by refractive error (29. 2%) and glaucoma (7. 2%). Conclusion Appropriate programs directed at providing cataract surgery and refractive error services will significantly reduce the burden of visual impairment in Central Region since both cataract and refractive errors are responsible for 71. 7% of the causes of visual impairment. INTRODUCTION Globally, visual impairment represents a significant public health problem. This is both from the point of view of the suffering it imposes on the individual, family as well as the government in terms of economic cost. Smith and Smith have estimated that the annual worldwide productivity cost of blindness was $168 billion1. Recently, it has been estimated that over $102 billion would be saved globally if the Vision 2020 initiative is successfully implemented2. Current data suggests that there are over 161 million people who are visually impaired.

War 1812 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

War 1812 - Essay Example The issue of the war was multiple and mostly was concerning economic problems between the countries. Among them was economical restrictions for American merchants on British territory, complicity of trading conditions and eventually the main reason was aspiration of the United States to become free from dependency on Britain. As far as Britain was busy with paying attention to Napoleon and his actions British authorities had to give up on their fighting for American colonies and this laid the main fundamentals of the United States as a young independent country. Ever since then the economic growth of the US started increasing rapidly. First of all, the consequences of the war were quite ambivalent. On the one hand Americans had great losses and demolition on their territory but on the other hand they got huge economic compensation. Historical and economic researches stated that even though it is impossible to count certain cost of losses still the United States got great economic impulse as their market became independent from foreign colonialists (Hickey 1989). In addition, the US got the compensation from the United Kingdom which definitely increased national funds. With the opening of the boundaries between the USA and the rest of the world economic growth started increasing rapidly. American merchants increased the amount of their trading operations and it pushed the development of different industries. Thus, production of goods grew and national economy started to develop faster. Furthermore, except for the economic independence the United States got from the war, if to take a look at the consequences of the war broaden we can see some great social-economic changes. The war led to the start of the changes from feudal system with its slavery to more capitalistic formation of the state. Evidently the decrease of the

Ethical Theory Study Guide Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Theory Study Guide - Assignment Example Looking at the virtue of duty, the Kantian theory explains that it is important that an individual must act such that their actions and consequences amount to regard for a self and societal respect. It is each and every individual’s moral obligation to conduct themselves such that the consequences accruing observes the communal being. In view of obligation, it is a moral responsibility, according to Kantian theory, it is the moral obligation of every citizen to pledge allegiance to the ruling government. This is in effect regardless of their ideas, be they bad or good. The fact remains that the leadership must be revered. Finally, in view of the third principle of perfection, the Kantian theory has the endowment that such natural existence as sex must be treated with utmost discipline, otherwise one may succumb to drives which make the human morals subjective (wood 3). The Kantian theory defines human beings as rational natural existence. It goes ahead to describe the human dignity as one such attributes that are indispensable from the existence, failure to which there should be the characteristic extinction of nature. With this observation, the theory provides that the existence of humanity must occur to meet the standards of idealism. This means that at all times, moral obligations of each and every individual must be applied. This consistency is which then can define one who lives inconsistency with the truth. For instance, regardless of what a person is made up of as entails character, they must be treated with the respect and right to this at all times. An exemplification is made with a to-be murder. For instance, if such a subject wants to commit the crime, and another person has the information that may assist them in doing so, Kantian theory considers it an obligation of the second party to give truthful information that may help the subjec t accomplish their objective. This is regardless of the expected outcome by both parties (wood 10).

Primate Society and Human Society Essay Example for Free

Primate Society and Human Society Essay The present paper is intended to discuss the similarities between the social behaviors of baboons and humans according to the book â€Å"Almost Human† by Shirley Strum. The first manifestation of social behavior Shirley Strum noticed is threat signals the animals convey when a newcomer appears (Strum, 1987, p. 24). Furthermore, as the newcomer approaches, juveniles and adult females circle around him and carefully examine him. The animals introduce themselves in an interesting way: â€Å"A female â€Å"presents† to a male when she approaches and turns her bottom toward his face; then the male will generally sniff her to see if she is sexually receptive. Two males can also present to each other with no sexual intention at all, and the same greeting is frequently exchanged by females, juveniles and even babies when they can manage it. † (Strum, 1987, p. 25). In several days upon the arrival of the newcomer, he remains an outcast, yet the other tribe members keep their eyes on each movement he makes. When a female comes closely to a male, the latter narrows his eyes, shakes head and smacks his lips – this physical manifestation is quite common among baboons. However, if the male is not considered â€Å"popular† in the group of animals, the female might simply flee without introducing herself, then male continues grimacing as described above and accompanies the grim with soft grunting. The couple play this game for quite a long time – the female approaches and then quickly distracts and escapes, whereas the male continues to exhibit his â€Å"infatuation†. Such social â€Å"games† are played between men and women in our society. For instance, when a woman presents herself to a man, she smiles and shakes hands with him. They also verbally exchange their introductory information – name, occupation, hobbies. At the same time, the man, who considers marriage or searches for a sex partner, processes the information about the woman’s appearance and . If he is attracted to the woman, he begins to make slight hints and social gestures – e. g. , he might distinguish her amongst his friends and become more sincere, invite her to a theatre, cinema or dinner, give her gifts and flowers and so forth. However, if the woman notices the man has low social position or does not meet her social requirements, she is likely to lose interest in his â€Å"candidacy†. However, if the man persists and manages to present his interest as genuine and stable, the intimate relationship might begin. Human and baboon behaviors in cross-gender relationships are quite similar. Primarily, baboons present themselves to one another in order to learn more about a stranger; similarly, humans introduce themselves both verbally and through smiling, shaking hands. This introductory stage allows gathering the basic information and determining the primary sources of threat in the â€Å"interlocutor† (e. g. , contagious disease, among humans – armor etc). Among humans, smile acts as a sign of the person’s peaceful intentions, as humans are less proficient in the use and understanding of body language. Further, as a female baboon approaches the male and gives him an opportunity to inhale her odor, she shows to him that she is sexually mature and can have intimate contact. Moreover, such close introduction allows the male to examine her appearance, or â€Å"beauty† – this factor is extremely important, given that â€Å"beauty† in primate groups is associated with physical health and fitness. The healthier the female is the stronger progeny she can bear and the fewer problems with bearing and birth she will experience. Similarly, human males assess the female during the first seconds of encounter, in particular, they pay attention to such criteria as age, physical beauty and erudition, as they half-consciously select (not always intentionally) a potential sexual partner or spouse and subconsciously believe younger (to reasonable degree, but generally younger in comparison to the male), smarter and more gorgeous women are fitter and better prepared for life in this society. Female baboons show their bottoms when they seek to lure a male, perhaps because appropriate building of this body part serves as a proof of the female’s sexual maturity and health. Human females, who wish to look â€Å"attractive†, also demonstrate their bodies, not necessarily naked, but always underlined by stylish clothes, make-up and accessories. After evaluating the female and determining whether she fits his criteria of physical development and appearance, the male baboon himself seeks to attract the female by displaying his interest and showing his own fitness and strength. Similarly to the primate society, among humans, there is also a behavioral pattern which consists in male’s responsibility for making the first step towards a stable relationship (e. g. inviting the woman he is infatuated with to a dinner, entertaining her, paying a lot of attention to her personality). If the female baboon realizes that male is outcast, she will continue ignoring him for some time, as the fittest males, whose inheritance will be most favorable to the future progeny in terms of survival, are normally popular in the tribe and have a high degree of authority. Furthermore, popular member of the tribe is more capable of providing for his female when she is consumed by â€Å"childcare†. Like female baboons, women become quite suspicious when meeting social outcasts or men of lower social status, who are potentially less likely to meet the needs of the family after the baby appears. However, in both societies, if the male manages to prove his dependability and keeps attending to the female for a long time, the latter might change her mind and find him eligible. As one can assume, human social behavior in cross-gender relationships is driven largely by instincts exhibited by primates. The factors humans and primates consider when selecting a sexual partner are in many cases the same, as males of both groups first and foremost evaluate physical fitness, whereas females in both baboon and human societies make a more complex analysis and also look at the male’s social position envisioning the necessity of taking care of defenseless and dependent progeny (or children). Both humans and animals are greatly concerned about the physical characteristics of the next generation, which partially backs Darwin’s theory of the survival of the fittest and the inborn striving for the survival of the species.